Recent Advances in CRISPR/Cas Mediated Genome Editing and Applications

Meenakshi Raina, Jebi Sudan

Abstract


Conventional, molecular plant breeding and genetic modifications have been widely used to improve crop yield, quality, architecture and plant ability to tolerate abiotic and biotic stresses. However, due to the limitations of resources, time and need of more specific targeting lead to the new corridor of targeted genome engineering. Genome editing technologies involves the use of plethora of enzymatic tools (meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9) that has the capability to cut at specific sequence. CRISPR/Cas seems to be more promising, efficient and less time consuming. All the ongoing efforts and future advances in this technology will accelerate both basic and applied research, opening the door to improve a wide variety of agronomic traits in crop plants. In this review, efforts have been made to discuss the various techniques needed for genome editing while focusing on the recent advances in CRISPR/Cas and its applications in crop improvement and therapeutics.


Keywords


Genome editing, meganucleases, ZFNs, TALENs, CRISPR/Cas.

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References


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