In vivo and in vitro application of chemical mutagen-EMS to induce herbicide resistance in Sri Lankan rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties
Abstract
Herbicide resistant (HR) rice is a novel approach to enhance selectivity and crop safety in rice cultivation. HR crops provide better suppleness in weed management and new solutions to difficult weed management problems. Studies on induced HR in Sri Lankan rice varieties are limited and further research are required to include HR rice in a cropping program. Mutational breeding with molecular methods play an important role in resistant development in modern agriculture. The present study is an attempt to develop HR rice lines through conventional breeding methods using the chemical mutagen EMS. A detailed AFLP analysis was made to identify molecular markers for HR induced varieties. Twenty-five cultivated rice varieties were subjected to EMS treatment and after the mutation survived plants were exposed to glyphosate to evaluate herbicide resistance. AFLP analysis was made on EMS mutated rice plants using 16 AFLP primer combinations. Seed-derived calli were obtained from glyphosate-susceptible rice variety and exposed to varying concentrations of EMS. Mutated calli were exposed to glyphosate and Tetrazolium test was applied to identify cell viability in calli. In vivo seed mutation induced HR in 14 rice varieties. In vitro mutated rice calli also exhibited resistance to glyphosate. E12M32 was found to be a potentiality useful AFLP marker to identify induced HR varieties.
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